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                <h1 id="ActiveMq消息持久化"><a href="#ActiveMq消息持久化" class="headerlink" title="ActiveMq消息持久化"></a>ActiveMq消息持久化</h1><h2 id="Jms规范的持久化"><a href="#Jms规范的持久化" class="headerlink" title="Jms规范的持久化"></a>Jms规范的持久化</h2><p>Jms规范的持久化有两种形式：持久化和非持久化，而对于持久化消息需要存储在<strong>稳定的存储介质</strong>中，非持久化消息，Jms规定需要<strong>尽最大可能进行传送</strong></p>
<h2 id="ActiveMq中的持久化"><a href="#ActiveMq中的持久化" class="headerlink" title="ActiveMq中的持久化"></a>ActiveMq中的持久化</h2><p>除了以上两种持久化方式，ActiveMq也支持将消息存储在内存中。<br>ActiveMq中<code>Queue</code>和<code>Topic</code>存储方式由于各自传递消息的方式的不同而有所不用</p>
<h3 id="Queue"><a href="#Queue" class="headerlink" title="Queue"></a>Queue</h3><p>对于队列中的消息，是以FIFO的方式进行存储，只有当<strong>消息过期或被消费</strong>，消息才会从存储介质中消失<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210715130002845.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NzdzMxODYwMTYwNTY=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="图片来源《activemq in action》"></p>
<h3 id="Topic"><a href="#Topic" class="headerlink" title="Topic"></a>Topic</h3><p>对于持久化的Subscriber来说，订阅者都会有指向Topic中下一条消息的指针，且订阅者获取的消息是消息的一个副本，只有当所有订阅者都获得该消息，才会从存储介质中消失<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210715130547579.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NzdzMxODYwMTYwNTY=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="图片来源《ActiveMq in Action》"></p>
<h2 id="ActiveMq中的消息存储"><a href="#ActiveMq中的消息存储" class="headerlink" title="ActiveMq中的消息存储"></a>ActiveMq中的消息存储</h2><h3 id="KahaDB"><a href="#KahaDB" class="headerlink" title="KahaDB"></a>KahaDB</h3><p>KahaDB是ActiveMq从5.4开始默认支持和使用的存储方式，有较好的<strong>存储性能和恢复能力</strong>（在后面介绍结构会有所提及）。<br>KahaDB是带有持久化的文件数据库，以追加的方式将消息存入日志文件，类似于redis中aof方式存储数据类似。其消息存储仅仅使用一个事务日志和索引文件<br>只需要在activemq.conf目录下配置<code>persistenceAdapter</code><br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210715133537877.png"><br>其中的配置属性：<br>属性名 | 值 | 说明<br>—– | —– | ——|<br>directory | {activem.data}/data | 存储路径<br>indexWriteBatchSize |1000 | 一批处理的方式写入磁盘的索引页数<br>indexCacheSize | 10000 | 缓存在内存中的索引页数<br>enableIndexWriteAsync| false | 是否开启异步写入索引<br>journalMaxFileLength | 32mb | 每个消息数据日志存储的最大长度<br>enableJournalDiskSyncs | true | 是否确保每次写入非事务性日志同步地写入磁盘<br>checkpointInterval | 5000| 检查点设置的时间间隔<br>cleanupInterval | 30000| 清楚不在使用消息的时间间隔<br>maxAsyncJobs | 10000| 最大等待存储的消息数</p>
<h4 id="KahaDB存储结构"><a href="#KahaDB存储结构" class="headerlink" title="KahaDB存储结构"></a>KahaDB存储结构</h4><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210715135353518.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NzdzMxODYwMTYwNTY=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="图片来源《ActiveMq in Action》"><br><strong>Cache</strong>：不是所用生产者发送的持久化消息都会被存储在磁盘文件中，如果发送的消息被立即需要，则会被暂时存储在内存中<br><strong>Data Logs</strong>：用于真正的存储消息及命令的日志文件，其文件长度由配置文件设定，当超过设定的文件长度，就会创建新的日志文件；每条消息是以追加的方式加入到日志文件中，<strong>如果消息不在被需要，则会被移除或者被归档</strong><br><strong>BtreeIndex</strong>：B树索引用于保存<code>data log</code>中通过消息id进行索引的消息的引用，即保存能指向消息引用的索引<br><strong>redo log</strong>：用于强制关闭ActiveMq时，对B树索引进行恢复，用于容灾备份</p>
<h4 id="KahaDB的存储文件"><a href="#KahaDB的存储文件" class="headerlink" title="KahaDB的存储文件"></a>KahaDB的存储文件</h4><p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210715143440556.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NzdzMxODYwMTYwNTY=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="图片来源《ActiveMq in Action》"><br><strong>db-{number}.log</strong>：上部分中对<code>data logs</code>的物理实现，其中<code>archive</code>即归档，用于保留在使用消息日志的目录，当然只有当归档被设置为可用的时候才会启用<br><strong>db.data</strong>：保存B树索引的文件，是btreeindex的物理实现<br><strong>db.redo</strong>：上部分中对<code>redo log</code>的物理实现<br>除此之外：<br>还有db.free文件：用于保存<code>data.log</code> 中<strong>空闲页的id</strong>，lock：文件锁，保存获取kahadb读写权限的代理对象（broker）<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210715144126486.png"></p>
<h3 id="Jdbc消息存储"><a href="#Jdbc消息存储" class="headerlink" title="Jdbc消息存储"></a>Jdbc消息存储</h3><p>通过配置第三方关系数据库进行消息存储<br>配置方面：<br>其中需要额外的配置是：<code>createTableOnStartup=&quot;false&quot;</code>，设置启动是否创建表，第一次启动的时候设置为true，后续的启动需要更改为true，不让会重新创建表<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210715145351741.png"><br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210715145432593.png"><br>在mysql数据库中创建activemq数据库<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210715145654678.png"><br>当activemq创建的时候就会自动创建相应的表<br>activemq_msgs：消息表<br>activemq_acks：订阅表（用于Topic）<br>activemq_lock：集群环境下使用，用于记录那个Borker是主节点</p>
<h1 id="ActiveMq中延时投递和定时投递"><a href="#ActiveMq中延时投递和定时投递" class="headerlink" title="ActiveMq中延时投递和定时投递"></a>ActiveMq中延时投递和定时投递</h1><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>属性</th>
<th>单位</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>AMQ_SCHEDULED_DELAY</td>
<td>long</td>
<td>等待投递的时间</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AMQ_SCHEDULED_PREIOD</td>
<td>long</td>
<td>定时投递的时间</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AMQ_SCHEDULED_REPEAT</td>
<td>int</td>
<td>重复投递的次数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AMQ_SCHEDULED_CRON</td>
<td>String</td>
<td>linux中配置cron</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>代码地址</strong>：<a href="https://gitee.com/studycsw/pure-java">https://gitee.com/studycsw/pure-java</a></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210715153511388.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NzdzMxODYwMTYwNTY=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>其中需要注意的是：</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>repeat：指的是<strong>一条</strong>消息的<strong>重复次数</strong>，所以总的发送消息数<code>第一条发送的消息+重复次数</code>，即这里的10条</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>delay：这里指定的是消息发送的延迟时间，==即等待一段时间将消息发送到Destination（Topic/Queue）==，实际上在<code>Queue</code>中，消息按照FIFO原则被消费，==因此队列中一条消息真正交付取决于队列中前置消息的数量==，所以Delay设定的是多少秒后消息被发送到<code>Destination</code></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cron：linux系统中调度程序，表达式说明如下：</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210715154317674.png" alt="图片来源《ActiveMq in Action》"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h1 id="消息重发和死信队列"><a href="#消息重发和死信队列" class="headerlink" title="消息重发和死信队列"></a>消息重发和死信队列</h1><h2 id="消息重发的时机"><a href="#消息重发的时机" class="headerlink" title="消息重发的时机"></a>消息重发的时机</h2><pre><code>1. client用了transactions且在session中调用了rollback()
2. client用了transactions且在调用commit()之前关闭或者没有commit()
3. client在 CLIENT_ACKNOWLEDGE的传递模式下，在session中调用了recover()
</code></pre>
<p>以上都是对于消费者，默认的重发次数是6次，而超过重发次数之后，ActiveMq就会将消息标记为poison，并放入死信队列<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210715162608557.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NzdzMxODYwMTYwNTY=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70"><br>重发三次后：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210715162448978.png" alt="重发三次后的结果"></p>
<h2 id="死信队列"><a href="#死信队列" class="headerlink" title="死信队列"></a>死信队列</h2><p>用于存储过期消息及超过重发次数的消息</p>
<h3 id="死信队列的配置"><a href="#死信队列的配置" class="headerlink" title="死信队列的配置"></a>死信队列的配置<img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2021071516393046.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2NzdzMxODYwMTYwNTY=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="图片来源《ActiveMq in Action》"></h3><p>不会将过期或者非持久的消息保存在死信队列，即直接删除。<br>由于是配置各自的死信队列，即<code>individualDeadLetterStrategy</code>，则需要指定队列的前缀<code>queuePrifex</code>或者<code>topicPrifex</code><br><code>useQueueForQueueMessage=&quot;true&quot;</code>是否使用Queue的方式来充当QueueMessage的死信队列<br><code>processExpired=false</code>是否保存过期消息<br><code>processNonPersistent=false</code>是否保存非持久化消息<br><code>queue</code>设置队列名称</p>
<h1 id="站在巨人的肩膀上"><a href="#站在巨人的肩膀上" class="headerlink" title="站在巨人的肩膀上"></a>站在巨人的肩膀上</h1><p>《ActiveMq in Action》<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://activemq.apache.org/features">ActiveMq官网</a></p>

                
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